XML

XML is an initialism of Estensible Markup Language. This is a general purpose specification for creating personalized markup languages. It’s clasified as extensible language; it allows everyone to define the mark – up elements. XML a simple and a very flexible text format which derives from SGML and it was originally designed to to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing. The objective is to help information systems in sharing and exchanging structured data, especially via the Internet, to encode documents, and to serialize data; in the last context, it compares serialization languages, which are based on texts, such as JSON and YAML.

Extensible Markup Language is highly recommended by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It is a fee open standard. This recommendation tells us and specifies lexical grammar and parsing requirements.
To conclude, we can say that XML began as a simple subset of the SGML.

References

     

     

    Add comment Enero 14, 2009

    HTML

    According to Wikipedia, the meaning of HTML is HyperText Markup Language. It is the predominant markup language of Web pages.  It provides a means to describe the structure of text – based information in a document (by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, and so on) and to supplement that text with interactive forms, images, and a large number of different kinds of objects. HTML is written in the form of tags, surrounded by angle brackets. HTML can also describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of a document, and can include embedded scripting language code, for exmple, JavaScript, which can affect the behavior of Web browsers and other HTML processors.

    The HTML is one of the most well-known examples of a markup language in the use of nowadays. The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is also one of the most used language in the World Wide Web. HTML follows some of the markup conventions used in the industry of publicity in the communication of essays and work which are printed among authors, editors, and printers.

    Another definition of HTML, in these case according to the webpage W3C, is that HTML is called lingua franca for publishing hypertext on the WWW. It is a non – proprietary format based upon SGML, and it can be created and processed by a wide range of tools, from simple plain text writers and printers.

     

    1 comment Enero 14, 2009

    Lenguajes de marcas para la gestión de contenidos y la publicación Web (debate)

    First and foremost, we would like to explain the terms involved. Being both markup languages, on  the  one  hand,  HTML  stands  for  “Hyper  Text Markup  Language”,  and  on  the  other,  XML stands for “Extensible Markup Language”.
     
    Focusing on  the differences, XML points at  the  structure of  the  information, saving  time and simplifying  the  software,  not  requiring,  consequently,  DTD  or  Document  Type  Definition. Besides,  it supports Unicode, allowing almost any  information  in any written human  language
    to be communicated, and in addition, it doesn’t have any data. HTML however, requires from the authors  to avoid  the use of presentational markup as well as  to  use available markup  to differentiate  the  meanings  of  phrases  and  structure  in  the  document.  Moreover,  HTML documents are more difficult to be delivered, as they are normally delivered either over HTTP servers or through e-mail.
     
    In short, XML is more useful than HTML not only because it is easier to try for the computer programs, but also because HTML does not indicate what it is representing. In fact, HTML is known for describing the content of what it labels.
     
     

     

     

    References:
    1.  HTML. (2008, December 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:35, December 14, 2008, from
    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML&oldid=257683789
    2.  Markup language. (2008, December 14). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:36, December 14, 2008, from
    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Markup_language&oldid=257834827
    3.  Hipertexto, el nuevo concepto de documento en la cultura de la imagen (2008, November 23) by María Jesús Lamarca Lapuente in Hipertexto. Retrieved 20:39, December 14 from: http://www.hipertexto.info/documentos/lenguajes_h.htm
    4.  Extensible Markup language (1999) by Joaquin Bravo Montero in Programacion. Retrieved  20:41, November 23 from:
    http://www.programacion.net/html/xml/htmdsssl/capitulo1/capitulo1.htm

    Add comment Enero 7, 2009

    La oralidad y la escritura en los hipermedios (debate)

    First of all, let us define the concepts involved. On the one hand, according to N.H. Nelson, the term hypermedia is used as an extension of the term hypertext, in which graphics, audio, video, plain text and hyperlinks are involved, being the World Wide Web the clearest example. On the other hand orality involves the capacity of speaking of each person as well as the gestures and other sources used.

    According to experts on the subject, the hypermedia has changed the orality. As Perez Tornero mentions, due to the hypermedia we can send an oral message from one point of the planet to another, giving a kind of globalisation to the text and without realising how far the person receiving the message is. However, according to Brian and Williams, the hypermedia contributes to the worsening of the language as they, as well as networks, are opened to anybody. Besides, almost anything is accepted and owing to that, some writers transfer some of their bad acquired habits in writing from one media to another. Moreover, a big percentage of the users may write without any kind of information or taking it from poor sources.

     

    References:

     

    Add comment Enero 7, 2009

    Kevin Kelly (debate)

    Kevin Kelly is an American writer, photographer and conservationist whose writings, despite dropping out of university after one year of studies, has acquired relevance being published in newspapers such as “The New York Times” or “The Economist“. So great has been his success that the well-known film Matrix was based on evidence from his book. We’ve decided to dedicate this article to Kelly due to his wide knowledge on the subject.

    According to Kelly, the web has suffered a dramatic change. Whereas years ago, it used to be a green screen with cursors, connecting one computer with another, being known as the “net”, we’ve moved to a new stage now. This stage we are actually in, uses the idea of linking pages. Should I want to go to an airline web page, I will go from my page to FTP site. The evolution the web has suffered is exemplified by the 100 billion clicks done per day or the 2 million emails sent per second. Besides, in the year 2005, there were more than 100 web pages available per person alive. With regards to the future, the web is going to continue its development until it becomes part of us, becoming us at the same time part of it.

    As a clear example of this development, we’ve got eBay, the famous portal to sell and buy objects. As Kelly mentions in his article “Ten years ago I heard sceptics swear nobody would ever buy a car on the Web”. Last year eBay Motors sold $11 billion worth of vehicles”.

    References

    Add comment Enero 7, 2009

    Kevin Kelly

    Kevin Kelly, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1952, is an American writer whose writings have been published in several well – known newspapers of the USA: The New York Times, The Economist, Enquire… He is in addition executive editor of Wired magazine, and a former editor/publisher of the Whole Earth Catalog.

    Apart from been a writer, he is also a photographer and conservationist.

    Kevin Kelly has published lots of books, such as Cool Tools (2003), Bad Dreams (2003), True Films (2006)… But the most important and notable book written by Kevin is Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World, which was published in 19994.

    As he tells us in his speech, which is available in YouTube, it was impossible to think few years ago that the Internet could reach the succeed that has achieved nowadays. According to Kevin, we could explain the Internet saying that we should “get better in believing in the impossible”. We have the example of “Wikipedia”, which we could say it’s an obvious of all the examples we can find of the power of the Internet. “Wikipedia” consists of a collection of all the varieties of articles about anything writen by people all over the world.

    As a conclusion, and as Kelly mentions in one of his articles, “no one can escape the transforming fire of machines”.

     

    Bibliography:

    Kevin Kelly (editor). (2008, October 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11:18, November 14, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Kelly_(editor)&oldid=244052430

    Kevin Kelly’s personal web. Retrieved 12: 15, November 13, 2008, from http://www.kk.org/

    Add comment Noviembre 14, 2008

    THE INTERNET

    The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks which interchange a lot of information using a system called Internet Protocol Suite. The internet is consisted of uncountable private, public, business, government and academic networks from local to global scope that are linked by fiber – optic cables, wires and wireless connections… and lots of technologies.

    The Internet carries various information resources and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and file sharing, online gaming, and the inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW). 

    After watching the extension and the powerful increasement of the communism around the world, the Aerean Forces of the USA decided to create a new military network. The aim of that project was to protect from possible nuclear attacks from the Soviet Union. The main characteristic of this new network was that if one or more computers were destroyed the network could still continue working. So, in 1964 the scientist Paul Baran decided to create this new network, which he named “The Internet”.

    The opening of the network to commercial interests began in 1988. The US Federal Networking Council approved the interconnection of the NSFNET to the commercial MCI Mail system in that year and the link was made in the summer of 1989. Other commercial electronic e-mail services were soon connected, including OnTyme, Telemail and CompuServe. In that same year, three commercial Internet service providers were created: UUNET, PSINET and CERFNET.

    On the other hand, in 1971 Ray Tomlinson created a new way of communication: the communication via email or what we call the electronic address. However, this new system wasn’t good enough so, one year later, in 1972, Lawrence G. Robert made it better adding some new programmes.

     Around 1980 Tim Berners-Lee designed a new hypertext system and in the end of the 1990 he created the HTTP and HTML. Those two softwares let people the possibility of surfing through the hyperlinks. And as the consequence of all that was born the World Wide Web.

    References

    http://es.kioskea.net/contents/histoire/internet.php3

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

    Add comment Octubre 29, 2008

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